Clarence B. Carson

Clarence B. Carson
historien
Dates	1925-2003
Tendance	Libéral classique
Nationalité	États-Unis
Articles internes	Autres articles sur Clarence B. Carson
Citation
Interwikis sur Clarence B. Carson

Clarence B. Carson (1925-2003) fut un ardent défenseur de la liberté, décédé à l'âge de 77 ans le 9 avril 2003. Né dans une famille aux moyens limités, son père était fermier dans les régions rurales de l'Alabama. De son enfance, il a retenu les dures leçons du labeur et de la frugalité.

Activités académiques

Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il retourne chez lui. Entre 1946 et 1957, il prend part à de nombreuses activités scolaires. À la fin de cette période, il obtient son baccalauréat et une maîtrise en histoire à l'université d'Auburn, puis un doctorat en histoire à l'université de Vanderbilt. Il soutient sa thèse avec brio, "Embattled Individualists: The Defense of the Idea of Individualism, 1890–1930".

Clarence Carson a poursuivi une carrière dans l'enseignement universitaire. Il a commencé au College Elon en Caroline du Nord à l'automne 1957. Dès lors, jusqu'en 1973, il a occupé des postes universitaires dans de nombreuses institutions. En 1962, il choisit de quitter l'université de Jacksonville State College, dans l'Alabama pour rejoindre son nouveau poste de professeur d'histoire américaine à l'université du Grove City College, en Pennsylvannie. Aimé par ses étudiants qu'il a marqué intellectuellement de façon indélébile, l'un deux, Paul A. Cleveland, déclara dans son hommage funèbre :

"La mort est un événement qui survient pour chacun de nous, mais nous ne pouvons pas tous l'affronter avec la satisfaction que nous avons vécu une vie pleine de sens. Carson fut en mesure de passer dans ce monde avec la pleine assurance que sa vie durera pour l'éternité. Il laisse un riche héritage qui profitera à la vie de gens partout dans le monde pour de nombreuses années à venir. Ses livres et ses articles perdureront, emplis de sagesse et d'honnêteté comme au jour où ils furent écrits." (Paul A. Cleveland, 2003, The Freeman)

Clarence B. Carson a développé une carrière d'écrivain prolifique. Il a publié 12 livres et des centaines d'articles. Parmi ses œuvres, six volumes sur l'histoire des États-Unis. Sa défense de la liberté découle de son engagement de connaître la vérité et d'aider les autres à mieux la comprendre. Il fonda "Le Comité des manuels américains", une organisation à but non lucratif. L'objectif principal de cette association est de fournir des manuels fidèles à la vérité et à la tradition américaine. Les ouvrages portent sur le gouvernement constitutionnel, la libre entreprise et la morale judéo-chrétienne. Ils sont destinés aux lecteurs, en général, aux étudiants des écoles, à des cours d'initiation au lycée ou à l'université, etc.

Publications

De 1960 à 1964

• 1960, "The Concept of Democracy and John Dewey", Modern Age, Spring

• 1962,
  • a. "Of Rights: Natural and Arbitrary", The Freeman, mars, Vol 12, n°3
  • b. "Individual Liberty In The Crucible Of History: 3. Circonstances hostile to freedom", The Freeman, Vol 12, n°7, July, pp11-21
  • c. "Individual Liberty In The Crucible Of History: 4. A Collectivist Curvature of the Mind", The Freeman, août, Vol 12, n°8
  • c. "Individual Liberty in the Crucible of History: 6. A Rebirth of Liberty", The Freeman, Octobre, Vol 12, n°10

• 1963,
  • a. "The Fateful Turn", Irvington, New York: Foundation for Economic Education
  • b. "Individualism Verses Communism", The Freeman, Février, Vol 13, n°2
  • c. "The American Tradition", The Freeman, Décembre, Vol 13, n°12

• 1964,
  • a. "The American Tradition", Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington-on-Hudson, NY
  • b. "The American Tradition: 10. Of the Civilizing of Groups", The Freeman, Janvier, Vol 14, n°1, pp34-47
  • c. "The American Tradition: 15. Building Upon the Tradition", The Freeman, juin, Vol 14, n°6

De 1965 à 1969

• 1965, "The Flight from Reality: 9. The New Reality", The Freeman, Juin, Vol 15, n°6

• 1966,
  • a. "The Flight from Reality: 16. From Ideology to Mythology I", The Freeman, janvier, Vol 16, n°1, pp34-44
  • b. "The Flight from Reality: 17. From Ideology to Mythology II", The Freeman, février, Vol 16, n°2, pp24-37
  • c. "The Flight from Reality: 18. The Origins of Reform Methods", The Freeman, mars, Vol 16, n°3, pp8-22
  • d. "The Flight from Reality: 19. The Flight from Economics", The Freeman, avril, Vol 16, n°4, pp3-17
  • e. "The Flight from Reality: 20. Meliorist Economics", The Freeman, mai, Vol 16, n°5, pp33-47
  • f. "The Flight from Reality: 21. The Bent to Destruction", The Freeman, juin, Vol 16, n°6, pp42-55
  • g. "The Flight from Reality: 22. Divide and Conquer", The Freeman, juillet, Vol 16, n°7, pp38-49
  • h. "The Flight from Reality: 23. The Flight from the Constitution, Part I", The Freeman, août, Vol 16, n°8, pp45-59
  • i. "The Flight From Reality: 24. The Flight from the Constitution - Part II", The Freeman, septembre, Vol 16, n°9, pp35-49
  • j. "The Flight from Reality: 25. Political Experimentation, The Four-Year Plans", The Freeman, octobre, Vol 16, n°10, pp30-43
  • k. "The Flight From Reality: 26. Conclusion: The Pen and The Sword", The Freeman, novembre, Vol 16, n°11, pp36-55

• 1967,
  • a. "The Bait & The Hook", The Freeman, February, Vol 17, n°2, pp83-91
  • b. "Organized Irresponsibility", The Freeman, March, Vol 17, n°3, pp164-174
  • c. "The Bankruptcy of Liberalism", The Freeman, December, Vol 17, n°12

• 1968,
  • a. "The Rise and Fall of England: 5. Liberty and Property Secured", The Freeman, juillet, Vol 18, n°7
  • b. "The Rise and Fall of England: 7. The Industrial Surge", The Freeman, septembre, Vol 18, n°9
  • c. "The Rise and Fall of England: 8. Pax Britannica", The Freeman, Octobre, Vol 18, n°10, pp624-635

• 1969,
  • a. "The War on the Poor", Arlington House
  • b. The Flight from Reality, Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington-on-Hudson, NY
  • c. "Th'e Rise and Fall of England: 11. The Fabian Thrust to Socialism. Concerning the history of the Society and its development since 1884", The Freeman, January, Vol 19, n°1, pp14-24
  • d. "The Rise and Fall of England: 14. The Decline of England", The Freeman, avril, Vol 19, n°4

De 1970 à 1974

• 1970,
  • a. "A Law for Governments", The Freeman, Janvier, Vol 20, n°1
    • Repris en 1996, A Law for Governments, In: Robert D. Gorglione, dir., The Foundations of American Constitutional Government, The Foundation for Economic Education: Irvington on Hudson NY, pp75-83
  • b. Throttling the Railroads: 3. The Thrust to Regulation, The Freeman, July, Vol 20, n°7
  • c. "Throttling the Railroads: 4. The Nature of Railroading", The Freeman, Août, Vol 20, n°9, pp455-465
  • d. "Throttling the Railroads: 6. Railroads in the Grip of Government", The Freeman, Octobre, Vol 20, n°10, pp623-632

• 1971,
  • a. "Throttling the Railroads", Irving-on-Hudson, New York., USA: The Foundation for Economic Education, Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana., USA: Liberty Fund, Inc.
  • b. "Throttling the Railroads (Conclusion): 9. The Future of the Railroads. If the railroads and their customers are to survive, it's time to stop government intervention and try freedom.", The Freeman, January, Vol 21, n°1, pp39-47
  • c. "The Impact of Intervention", The Freeman, May, Vol 21, n°5, pp274-284 (L'auteur affirme que l'intervention de l'État endigue et détourne les énergies du peuple alors que la liberté les libère à des fins constructives.)
  • d. [https://cdn.mises.org/The%20Freeman%201971_2.pdf "Winter of Decision: 1775·1776. A government of laws or of men?", The Freeman, July, Vol 21, n°7, pp387-390

• 1972,
  • a. "The Founding of the American Republic: 11. The War for Independence", The Freeman, juin, Vol 22, n°6
  • b. "The Founding of the American Republic", The Freeman, septembre, vol 22, n°9
    • Repris en 1997, "The Founding of the American Republic", In: Mary Sennholz, dir., "Faith of Our Fathers", Irving-on-Hudson: Foundation for Economic Education,
  • c. The Founding of the American Republic: 17. Principles of the Constitution, The Freeman, décembre, Vol 22, n°12

• 1973,
  • a. The Founding of the American Republic: 19. Establishing the Government, The Freeman, Février, Vol 23, n°2
  • b. The Founding of the American Republic: 21. The Beacon of Liberty, The Freeman, April, Vol 23, n°4

De 1975 à 1977

• 1976,
  • a. "A Bicentennial Question: An Ascendant or Setting Sun?", The Freeman, février, Vol 26, n°2
  • b. "Another Bicentennial: The Publication of The Wealth of Nations", The Freeman, avril, Vol 26, n°4
  • c. "Work and Liberty", The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty, août, Vol 26, n°8
  • d. Built-In Pressures to Inflation, The Freeman, Septembre, Vol 26, n°9
    • Repris en 1994, Built-In Pressures to Inflation, In: Hans Sennholz, dir., Inflation is Theft, Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington-on-Hudson, NY, pp32-42
  • e. "Faith of Our Fathers", The Freeman, décembre, Vol 26, n°12
    • • Repris en 1997, "Faith of Our Fathers", In: Mary Sennholz, dir., "Faith of Our Fathers", Irving-on-Hudson: Foundation for Economic Education, pp98-109

• 1977,
  • a. World in the Grip of An Idea: 3. Evolutionary Socialism, The Freeman, Mars, Vol 27, n°3
  • b. World in the Grip of an Idea: 4. Russia - Old Regime and New Revolutionaries, The Freeman, April, Vol 27, n°4
  • c. "World in the Grip of an Idea: 5. Russia - The Revolution Commences", The Freeman, mai, Vol 27, n°5
  • d. "World in the Grip of an Idea: 11. Germany - The Promise and the Terror", The Freeman, novembre, Vol 27, n°11

De 1978 à 1979

• 1978,
  • a. "World, in the Grip of·an Idea: 13. World War II: The Socialist Conflagration", The Freeman, Vol 28, n°1, January, pp38-50
  • b. "World in the Grip of an Idea: 14. World War II: The Bitter Fruit of Ideology", The Freeman, Février, Vol 28, n°2
  • c. "World in the Grip of an Idea: 15. Sweden: The Matrix of Tradition and Gradualism", The Freeman, Vol 28, n°3, March, pp150-162
  • d. "World in the Grip of an Idea: 16. Sweden: The Paternal State", The Freeman, Vol 28, n°4, April, pp223-234
  • e. "World in the Grip of an Idea: 17. Sweden: Tightening the Screws", The Freeman, May, Vol 28, n°5, pp278-290
  • f. World in the Grip of an Idea: 18. The United States: A Republic and Gradualism, The Freeman, June, Vol 28, n°6
  • g. "World in the Grip of an Idea: 19. The United States: The Concentration of Power. Concerning the centralization of political power and its manipulation at crucial pressure points by intellectuals", The Freeman, July, Vol 28, n°7, pp425-436
  • h. "World in the Grip of an Idea: 20. The United States: Business as an Instrument of Political Power", The Freeman, août, Vol 28, n°8
  • i. "World In the Grip of an Idea: 21. The United States.: The Thrust to Transformation. The communications industry as an alien force to transform society", The Freeman, September, Vol 28, n°9, pp546-557
  • j. "World in the Grip of an Idea 22.: The United States: A Bemused People", The Freeman, Vol 28, n°10, Octobre
  • k. "World in the Grip of an Idea: 23. The Cold War: Revolutionary vs. Evolutionary Socialism", The Freeman, novembre, Vol 28, n°11
  • l. "World in the Grip of an Idea: 24. The Cold War: The Spread of Communism", The Freeman, December, Vol 28, n°12, pp725-738

• 1979,
  • a. World in the Grip of an Idea: 25. The Cold War: Terrorizing Many Lands, The Freeman, Janvier, Vol 29, n°1
  • b. World in the Grip of an Idea: 30. The Individual: Victim of the Idea, The Freeman, June, Vol 29, n°6
  • c. World in the Grip of an Idea: 31. The Subjugation of the Individual, The Freeman, Juillet, Vol 29, n°7
  • d. "World in the Grip of an Idea: 33. Conclusion: Loosening the Grip of the Idea", The Freeman, septembre, Vol 29, n°9
  • e. The Hidden Fallacies Behind Intervention, The Freeman, October, Vol 29, n°10

De 1980 à 1981

• 1980,
  • a. "The origins of American Unions", The Freeman, Vol 30, n°1, January, pp12-24
    • Repris en 1983, In: Organized Against Whom?: The Labor Union in America, Western Goals
    • Repris en 1994, In: Hans Sennholz, dir., American Unionism: Fallacies and Follies, Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington-on-Hudson, NY, pp13-27
  • b. "An Ideology for Unions. Socialism's vision of the good society undergirds union actions against alleged injustices", The Freeman, Vol 30, n°2, February, pp109-120
  • c. "Whither Independence 1980 A.D.?", The Freeman, Vol 30, Juillet

• 1981,
  • a. The Impact of Unionism, The Freeman, Février
    • Repris en 1983, In: Organized Against Whom?: The Labor Union in America, Western Goals
    • Repris en 1994, In: Hans Sennholz, dir., American Unionism: Fallacies and Follies, Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington-on-Hudson, NY, pp129-142
  • b. "Whats This About Solar Energy?", The Freeman, March, Vol 31, n°3
  • c. "Economy in Government, Jeffersonian Style", The Freeman, Juin, Vol 31, n°6
  • d. Missing Chapters from American History, The Freeman, Août, Vol 31, n°8
    • repris en 1993, Missing Chapters from American History, In: Hans Sennholz, dir., Public Education and Indoctrination, Irvington-on-Hudson: Foundation for Economic Education, pp9-19
  • e. Danger High Voltage: The Perils of Power, The Freeman, Octobre, Vol 31, n°10

De 1982 à 1983

• 1982,
  • a. "The Civil War and Political Nationalization. Concerning the extension of Federal intervention and control in the aftermath of the Civil War", The Freeman, January, Vol 32, n°1, pp32-46
  • b. "Reasoning on the Nature of Things", The Freeman, February, Vol 32, n°2, pp94-103
  • c. "Prescription for Expensive Education", The Freeman, Mars, Vol 32, n°3
  • d. "The Relics of Intervention: 1. Populism. Signs today of the impact of the Populist movement of the late 1800s", The Freeman, April, Vol 32, n°4, pp195-206
  • e. "The Relics of Intervention: 2. Progressivism. The Progressive movement of the early twentieth century carries over into the 1980s", The Freeman, May, Vol 32, n°5, pp305-317
  • f. "The Relics of Intervention: 3. The New Deal Bent to Inflation. The depression paved the way for further regulation arid control", The Freeman, June, Vol 32, n°6, pp367-380
  • g. "The Relics of Intervention: 4. New Deal Collective Planning. New Deal planning still plagues us today", The Freeman, July, Vol 32, n°7, pp414-425
  • h. "The Relics of Intervention: 5. New Deal Welfarism. The growing welfare burdens largely began in the New Deal of the mid-Thirties", The Freeman, August, Vol 32, n°8, pp451-463
  • i. "The Relics of Intervention: 6. Conclusion: The Relic of an Idea. The idea persists that government should actively intervene in our lives", The Freeman, September, Vol 32, n°9, pp542-553
  • j. "A Question of Being Productive. A quest for more constructive categories of those in or out of the work force, The Freeman, Octobre, Vol 32, n°10, pp579-586
  • k. "Beyond the Christmas Story. Christ exemplifies the message of freedom, The Freeman, décembre, Vol 32, n°12, pp707-7013

• 1983,
  • a. Organized Against Whom?: The Labor Union in America, Western Goals
  • b. "George Washington on Liberty and Order", The Freeman, Février, Vol 33, n°2
    • Repris en 1997, "The Founding of the American Republic", In: Mary Sennholz, dir., "Faith of Our Fathers", Irving-on-Hudson: Foundation for Economic Education, pp40-51
  • c. The Constitution and Paper Money, The Freeman, Juillet, Vol 33, n°7
    • Repris en 1994, The Constitution and Paper Money, In: Hans Sennholz, dir., Inflation is Theft, Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington-on-Hudson, NY, pp186-195
    • Repris en 1996, The Constitution and Paper Money, In: Robert D. Gorglione, dir., The Foundations of American Constitutional Government, The Foundation for Economic Education: Irvington on Hudson NY, pp166-175
  • c. Judicial Monopoly over the Constitution: Jefferson's View, The Freeman, Octobre
    • Repris en 1996, Judicial Monopoly over the Constitution: Jefferson's View, In: Robert D. Gorglione, dir., The Foundations of American Constitutional Government, The Foundation for Economic Education: Irvington on Hudson NY, pp176-187
  • d. The General Welfare, The Freeman, August, Vol 33, n°8
    • Repris en 1996, The General Welfare, In: Robert D. Gorglione, dir., The Foundations of American Constitutional Government, The Foundation for Economic Education: Irvington on Hudson NY, pp188-197
  • e. The Meaning of Federalism, The Freeman, Janvier
    • Repris en 1996, The Meaning of Federalism, In: Robert D. Gorglione, dir., The Foundations of American Constitutional Government, The Foundation for Economic Education: Irvington on Hudson NY, pp207-218
  • f. The Dilemmas of Public Education, The Freeman, septembre, Vol 33, n°9
    • repris en 1993, The Dilemmas of Public Education, In: Hans Sennholz, dir., Public Education and Indoctrination, Irvington-on-Hudson: Foundation for Economic Education, pp99-110
  • g. "The Rebirth of Liberty: Mises and Auburn", The Free Market, Fall, Vol 1, n°1, pp5-6.

De 1984 à 1989

• 1984,
  • a. "The Need for Political Theory", The Freeman, Janvier, Vol 34, n°1, pp27-38
  • b. Commentaire du livre, dirigé par Charles S. Hyneman et Donald S. Lutz, "American Political writing during the founding era: 1760-1805", The Freeman, Janvier, Vol 34, n°1, pp59-61
  • c. "Evading the Issue", The Freeman, Février, Vol 34, n°2, pp84-88
  • d. "Unionism Revisited", The Freeman, Avril, Vol 34, n°4, pp209-218
  • e. "The Collectivist Fallacy", The Freeman, Juillet, Vol 34, n°7, pp388-395
  • f. The Fruits of Independence, The Freeman, Septembre, Vol 34, n°9
    • Repris en 1996, The Fruits of Independence, In: Robert D. Gorglione, dir., The Foundations of American Constitutional Government, The Foundation for Economic Education: Irvington on Hudson NY, pp84-99

• 1985,
  • a. "Capitalism: Yes and No", The Freeman, Février
    • Repris en 2009, "Capitalism: Yes and No", The Freeman, May, Vol 59, n°4
  • b. "Free Enterprise: The Key to Prosperity", The Freeman, Octobre

• 1986, The Trouble with Farming, In: Paul L. Poirot, dir, The Farm Problem, The Foundation for Economic Education: Irvington on Hudson NY, pp13-24

• 1987, "The Right to Property", In: Beth Hoffman, dir., "Ideas on Liberty: Essays in Honor of Paul L. Poirot", Irvington-on-Hudson: Foundation for Economic Education, pp17-21

• 1988, Free Enterprise: The Key to Prosperity, In: Paul L. Poirot, dir, The Philosophy of Freedom, The Foundation for Economic Education: Irvington on Hudson NY, pp27-44

De 1990 à 1999

• 1990, "Basic Communism: Its Rise, Spread and Debacle in the 20th Century", Wadley, Ala.: American Textbook Committee

• 1992, Marx's Quantity Theory of Labor: A Critique, In: John W. Robbins et Mark Spangler, dir., A Man of Principle: Essays in Honor of Hans F. Sennholz, Grove City, Pennsylvania: Grove City College Press. ISBN 0-9631818-0-7

• 1995, Introduction du livre de Robert D. Gorgoglione, "The Foundations of American Constitutional Government", The Foundation for Economic Education

• 1996,
  • a. Introduction, In: Robert D. Gorglione, dir., The Foundations of American Constitutional Government, The Foundation for Economic Education: Irvington on Hudson NY, pp1-5
  • b. "The World in the Grip of an Idea Revisited", The Freeman, May, Vol 46, n°5, pp253-259
  • c. commentaire du livre de Richard Brookhiser, "Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington", The Freeman, septembre, Vol 46, n°9, pp643-644

• 1998, Swimming Against the Tide, American Textbook Committee

• 2001,
  • a. "A Basic History of the United States". Vol 1, "The Colonial Experience, 1607-1774", Fremont, CA: American Textbook Committee, ISBN 1-931789-09-6
  • b. "A Basic History of the United States". Vol 2, "The Beginning of the Republic, 1775-1825", Fremont, CA: American Textbook Committee, ISBN 1-931789-10-X
  • c. "A Basic History of the United States". Vol 3, "The Sections and the Civil War, 1826-1877", Fremont, CA: American Textbook Committee, ISBN 1-931789-11-8
  • d. "A Basic History of the United States". Vol 4, "The Growth of America, 1878-1928", Fremont, CA: American Textbook Committee, ISBN 1-931789-12-6
  • e. "A Basic History of the United States". Vol 5, "The Welfare State, 1929-1985", Fremont, CA: American Textbook Committee, ISBN 1-931789-24-X
  • f. "A Basic History of the United States". Vol 6, "America: From Gridlock to Deadlock, 1985-2001", Fremont, CA: American Textbook Committee, ISBN 1-931789-15-0
  • g. Teacher’s Guide for :""A Basic History of the United States", Fremont, CA: American Textbook Committee, ISBN 1-931789-26-6

Littérature secondaire

• 1970, John Chamberlain, Commentaire du livre de Clarence B. Carson, "The Flight from Reality", The Freeman, January, Vol 20, n°1

• 1999, Norman Ream, Commentaire du livre de Clarence B. Carson, "Swimming Against the Tide", The Freeman, April

• 2003, Paul A. Cleveland, "Clarence B. Carson, R.I.P.", The Freeman, July, Vol 53, n°7

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