Israel Kirzner

Israel Kirzner (copyright Mises Institute)

Israel Kirzner, né le 13 février 1930 à Londres (Grande Bretagne). Économiste américain appartenant à l'école autrichienne d’économie, il fut l'étudiant de Ludwig von Mises. Il enseigna à l'Université de New York.

Ses contributions aux sciences économiques concernent l'importance de l'entrepreneur comme acteur d'ajustement du marché. Il considère le marché comme dynamique et non statique comme le faisaient auparavant les économistes traditionnels. Il est considéré comme un théoricien de la tendance à l'équilibre dans la ligne droite de Friedrich von Hayek. L'entrepreneur corrige les erreurs grâce à l'arbitrage et à la spéculation.

Dans son livre, Discovery, Capitalism, and Distributive Justice (Découverte, Capitalisme et justice distributive) en 1989, il présente une vision éthique du capitalisme. Quand l'entrepreneur est en situation d'alerte (alertness) ou de vigilance, il découvre des utilisations de ressources inemployées. Le profit que l'entrepreneur obtient de cette découverte est moralement justifié quel que soit l'effort effectué. Son analyse repose sur la nature du processus du marché et sur les structures institutionnelles qui lui permettent d'évoluer.

Bibliographie

• 1960 : The Economic Point of View: An Essay in the History of Economic Thought, Kansas City: Sheed & Ward, 2éme ed 1976
• 1963, Market Theory and the Price System, Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand
• 1963, On the Premises of Growth Economics’, New Individualist Review, Summer, 20–28
• 1966, An Essay on Capital, New York: Augustus M. Kelley
• "Methodological Individualism, Market Equilibrium and the Market Process", 1967, Il Politico

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• "Entrepreneurship and the Market Approach to Development", 1971, in Toward Liberty.
• 1973, Competition and Entrepreneurship, Chicago University Press, Chicago
• "Capital, Competition and Capitalism", 1974, in Champions of Freedom.
• "Producer, Entrepreneur and the Right to Property", 1974, in Blumenfeld, editor, Property in a Humane Economy
• 1976, Philosophical and ethical implications of Austrian economics. In The foundations of modern Austrian economics, edited by E. Dolan. Kansas City: Sheed and Ward, Inc.
• "Equilibrium versus Market", 1976, in Dolan, editor, Foundations of Modern Austrian Economics.
• "Ludwig von Mises and the Theory of Capital and Interest", in Moss, editor, Economics of Ludwig von Mises.
• "The Entrepreneurial Role in Menger's System", 1978, Atlantic EJ
• 1978 : The perils of regulation - A Market-Process Approach ; tr.fra. François Guillaumat, Les dangers de la réglementation : Une approche par les processus de marché)
• "Entrepreneurship, Entitlement and Economic Justice", 1978, Eastern EJ.
• "Entrepreneurship, Choice and Freedom", 1978, ORDO.
• "Economics and Error", 1978, in Spadaro, editor, New Directions in Austrian Economics.
• 1979, Perception, Opportunity and Profit: Studies in the theory of entrepreneurship, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• 1979 : Perception, Opportunity, and Profit (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)

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• 1980, The primacy of entrepreneurial discovery, In I. Kirzner, L. Hannah, N. McKendrick, N. Vinson, K. Wickenden, A. Knight, F. McFadzean, P. D. Henderson, D. G. MacRae, & I. Pearce (Eds.), The prime mover of progress: The entrepreneur in capitalism and socialism: 3–30. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
• "Mises and the Renaissance of Austrian Economics", 1981, in Andrews, editor, Homage to Mises
• 1982, « Uncertainty, Discovery and Human Action: A Study of the Entrepreneurial Profile in the Misesian System », In I. M. Kirzner (Ed.), Method, process, and Austrian economics: 139–159. Washington, DC: Heath

- repris en 1985, In I.M. KIRZNER (ed.), Discovery and the Capitalist Process, Chicago : The University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp. 40-67.

- repris en 1990, In Stephen Littlechild, ed, Austrian Economics, vol. III, An Elgar Reference Collection, pp. 122-142

• 1982, The Theory of Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth. In: Kent C. A., David L. Sexton, Vesper K. H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
• "Economic Planning and the Knowledge Problem", 1984, Cato
• "Prices, the Communication of Knowledge and the Discovery Process", 1984, in Leube and Zlabinger, editors, Political Economy of Freedom.
• 1985, Discovery and the Capitalist Process, University of Chicago Press, Chicago
• "Spontaneous Order and the Case for the Free Market", 1987, in Ideas on Liberty
• 1986, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek : the modern extension of Austrian subjectivism, in von Norbert Leser (ed), Die Wiener schule der nationalökonomie, Wien, Köln, Graz : Hermann Böhlauss Nachf, pp133-155

- Repris en 1990, dans Stephen Littlechild, ed, 1990, Austrian economics, vol 1, pp342-365

• 1986, “The Austrian School of Economics,” New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. New York: Macmillan
• 1987, The economic calculation debate: Lessons for Austrians. Review of Austrian Economics 2:1–18.
• 1988 : "The Economic Calculation Debate: Lessons for Austrians", RAE, n°2 vol.1
• "Welfare Economics: A modern Austrian perspective", 1988, in Block and Rockwell, editors, Man, Economy and Liberty.
• 1989, Discovery, Capitalism and Distributive Justice, Basil Blackwell, Oxford; Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• 1989, “Austrian economics and the theory of entrepreneurship: Israel M. Kirzner interviewed by Stephan Boehm on 2 May 1989”, Review of Political Economy, 4.1, 1992, pp. 95-110.
• "Menger, Classical Liberalism and the Austrian School of Economics", HOPE

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• "Carl Menger and the Subjectivist Tradition in Economics", 1990, in Engels et al., editors, Klassiker der Nationalokonomie.
• 1990, Self-interest and the New Bashing of Economics: A Fresh Opportunity in the Perennial Debate?, Critical Review 4 (Winter/

Spring): 27–40.

• "Discovery, Private Property and theTheory of Justice in Capitalist Society", 1990, Journal des Economistes.
• "Knowledge Problems and their Solutions: Some relevant distinctions", 1990, Cultural Dynamics.
• "The Meaning of Market Process", 1990, in Bosch et al., editors, General Equilibrium or Market Process
• 1992, Subjectivism, freedom and economic law, South African Journal of Economics 1:44–62.
• 1992, The Meaning of Market Process: Essays in the development of modern Austrian economics., Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• 1995, The Subjectivism of Austrian Economics. In: Meijer G. (ed) New Perspectives on Austrian Economics. London New York: Routledge.
• 1996, Essays on Capital and Interest: An Austrian Perspective, Brookfield, VT: Edward Elgar
• 1996, “Reflections on the Misesian Legacy in Economics”, The Review of Austrian Economics, Vol. 9, N° 2, pp. 143-54.
• 1997, How Markets Work: Disequilibrium, Entrepreneurship and Discovery (London: Institute of Economic Affairs).
• 1997, Entrepreneurial Discovery and Competitive Market: An Austrian Approach, Journal of Economic Literature 35, pp. 60-85.
• 1999 : "Hedgehog or fox? Hayek and the Idea of Plan-Coordination"
• 1999, « Creativity and/or alertness: a reconsideration of the Schumpeterian Entrepreneur », Review of Austrian Economics, Vol. 11, n° 1-2, p. 5-17.

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• 2000, The Driving Force of the Market. Essays in Austrian Economics, London/New York: Routledge
• 2000, The Limits of the Market: The Real and the Imagined. In: Kirzner I. M. (ed) The Driving Force of the Market – Essays in Austrian Economics. London: Routledge, pp 77–87.
• 2001, Ludwig von Mises, Random, VA: Intercollegiate Studies Institute
• 2002, Comment on "A Critique of Kirzner’s Finders-Keepers Defence of Profit". Review of Austrian Economics 15(1):91–94.
• 2004, Economic Science and the Morality of Capitalism, In Economy and Virtue: Essays on the Theme of Markets and Morality. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
• 2005, HUMAN ATTITUDES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, Cato Journal, Vol. 25, No. 3 (Fall)

Autres sources

• 1968, Ralph Pfouts, Revue du livre d'Israel Kirzner "An Essay on Capital", American Economic Review, Vol. 58, No 1 (March)
• 1983, George Shackle, « Professor Kirzner on Entrepreneurship », in S. Littlechild (éd.), Austrian Economics, vol. III, An Elgar Reference Collection, pp. 120-121
• 1997, Roger Garrison, THE UNDISCOUNTABLE PROFESSOR KIRZNER, The Freeman, vol. 47, no. 8 (August), 1997, pp. 511-13

Liens externes

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