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Nathaniel Branden
Nathaniel Branden | |||||
Psychothérapeute | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dates | 1930 - 2014 | ||||
Tendance | Objectiviste | ||||
Nationalité | Canada | ||||
Articles internes | Autres articles sur Nathaniel Branden | ||||
Citation | |||||
Interwikis sur Nathaniel Branden | |||||
Nathaniel Branden (né le 9 avril 1930, décédé le 3 décembre 2014) est un psychothérapeute et écrivain canadien, sympathisant libertarien grâce aux écrits objectivistes d'Ayn Rand.
Présentation
Il est diplômé en psychologie de UCLA en 1973 puis obtient un doctorat dans la même matière au California Graduate Institute.
Il se rapproche de la philosophe objectiviste Ayn Rand quand, jeune, il épouse Barbara Branden. Malgré ce mariage et celui de Rand avec Frank O'Connor, Rand et Nathaniel Branden vécurent une relation qui dura 18 ans, au vu et au su de leurs conjoints.
Il joue un rôle important dans le mouvement objectiviste pendant ces années, dont il est considéré alors comme l'un des ténors. En 1958, il fonde le Nathaniel Branden Institute pour promouvoir les idées objectivistes. Cet organisme organisa de nombreux événements ou publia de nombreux ouvrages pour faire connaître l'objectivisme. Il rompra avec Ayn Rand en 1968, puis progressivement avec l'objectivisme (qu'il ne reniera toutefois jamais dans sa totalité), mais restera toujours libertarien.
En matière de psychologie, il défend une approche en rupture totale avec la psychologie behavioriste et la psychanalyse freudienne. Nathaniel Branden s'appuie sur le concept de « l’estime de soi ». La psychanalyse freudienne considère que l'inconscient guide l'action des êtres humains en laissant au conscient une part minimale. Nathaniel Branden, ne nie pas la présence de l'inconscient dans le cerveau humain. Mais, il considère que tout être humain a le pouvoir d'augmenter la conscience de soi en prenant appui sur la confiance en soi. Chacun de nous peut se former, par des exercices, de telle sorte que la part inconsciente de nous-mêmes devienne consciente. La répétition des exercices n'est pas un conditionnement, au sens où l'entend l'école behavioriste. C'est une action consciente de minimiser ou de désamorcer l'envie de l'inconscient d'éviter ce qui lui est inconfortable. L'estime de soi repose sur la prise de conscience individuelle et la volonté d'arrêter des modes de fonctionnement destructeur, paralysant et déviant du chemin du bonheur.
Les techniques de confiance en soi
- Les exercices des phrases à compléter spontanément par écrit ou par oral, tous les jours quelques minutes de façon récurrente pendant plusieurs semaines
- « Être responsable de soi signifie… »,
- « Si je voulais être plus heureux aujourd’hui, je pourrais… »,
- « Si j’acceptais mes peurs, je serais… »,
- « Si j’acceptais mon enthousiasme, je… ».
Annexes
Œuvres
- 1955, "The Age of Un-Reason", The Freeman, Juin, Vol 5, n°12, pp506-508
- 1962,
- a. avec Barbara Branden, Who Is Ayn Rand?, New York: Random House
- 4e édition en 1968
- b. "Intellectual Ammunition Department: Reason and Emotion", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°1, January
- c. "I.A.D.: Individual rights versus society", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°2, February
- d. "I.A.D.: Property rights", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°2, February
- e. "I.A.D.: The psychological meaning of man's "need" of approval", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°3, March
- f. "Counterfeit Individualism", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°4, April
- g. "I.A.D.: The "first cause" argument", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°5, May
- h. "I.A.D.: Monopolies and laissez-faire capitalism", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°6, June
- i. "Benevolence versus Altruism", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°7, July
- j. "I.A.D.: Depressions and laissez-faire capitalism", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°8, August
- k. commentaire du livre de Ludwig von Mises, "Planning for freedom", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°9, September
- l. "I.A.D.: Isn't everyone selfish?", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°9, September
- Repris en 1964, Isn't everyone selfish?, In: Ayn Rand, dir., The Virtue of Selfishness: A New Concept of Egoism, New York: New American Library
- Repris en 1971, "Isn’t everyone selfish?", In: Ayn Rand, dir., "The Virtue of Selfishness: A New Concept of Egoism", New York: New American Library, pp57–60
- m. "I.A.D.: Does man possess instincts?", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°10, October
- n. "Social Metaphysics", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°11, November
- o. "I.A.D.: The obligation of parents and children", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 1, n°12, December
- a. avec Barbara Branden, Who Is Ayn Rand?, New York: Random House
- 1963,
- a. "The Stolen Concept", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°1, Januay
- b. "I.A.D.: Capital punishment", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°1, Januay
- c. "I.A.D.: Are certain things unknowable?", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°1, Januay
- d. commentaire du livre de Brand Blanshard, "Reason and analysis", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°2, February
- e. "Mental health versus Mysticism and Self-Sacrifice", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°3, March
- f. "I.A.D.: Agnosticism", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°4, April
- g. "The Contradiction of Determinism", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°5, May, p17, pp19-20
- h. "I.A.D.: Public education", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°6, June
- i. "I.A.D.: Inherited wealth", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°6, June
- j. "I.A.D.: "Right-to-work" laws", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°6, June
- k. "I.A.D.: Demonstration and irrationality", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°7, July
- l. "The Divine Right of Stagnation", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°8, August
- m. Commentaire du livre de Ludwig von Mises, "Human Action", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°9, September, p34
- n. "I.A.D.: The psychological appeal of altruism", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°10, October
- o. Labor Unions and the Standard of Living, The Objectivist Newsletter, November, Vol 2, n°11
- p. "I.A.D.: Capitalism's practicality", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°11, November
- q. "A Report to Our Readers", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°12, December
- 1964,
- a. Mental health versus Mysticism and self-sacrifice], In: Ayn Rand, dir., The Virtue of Selfishness: A New Concept of Egoism, New York: New American Library, pp25-29
- b."I.A.D.: The Objectivist concept of free will versus the traditional concepts", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 2, n°1, January
- c. "The Psychology of Pleasure", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 3, n°2, February
- d. "I.A.D.: The psychological primacy of the choice to think", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 3, n°4, April
- e. "I.A.D.: The moral meaning of risking one's life", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 3, n°4, April
- f. "Pseudo-Self-Esteem" (Part I), The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 3, n°5, May
- g. "Pseudo-Self-Esteem" (Part II), The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 3, n°6, June
- h. "Social Metaphysical Fear", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 3, n°7, July
- i. "Psycho-Epistemology" (Part I), The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 3, n°9, October
- j. "Psycho-Epistemology" (Part II), The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 3, n°10, November
- k. "A Report to our Readers – 1964", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 3, n°12, December
- 1965
- a. "Rogues' Gallery" (Part I), The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 4, n°2, February
- b. "Rogues' Gallery (Part II), The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 4, n°3, March
- c. "A Message to our Readers", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 4, n°4, April
- d. "Alienation" (Part I), The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 4, n°7, July
- e. "Alienation" (Part II), The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 4, n°8, August
- f. "Alienation" (Part III), The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 4, n°9, September
- g. "I.A.D.: What is psychological maturity?", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 4, n°11, November
- h. "A Report to our Readers – 1965", The Objectivist Newsletter, Vol 4, n°12, December
- 1966
- a. avec Ayn Rand, Alan Greenspan et Robert Hessen, "Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal"
- b. "The Objectivist Theory of Volition" (Part I), The Objectivist, Vol 5, n°1, January
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp7-11
- c. "The Objectivist Theory of Volition" (Part II), The Objectivist, Vol 5, n°2, February
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp22-29
- d. "Volition and the Law of Causality", The Objectivist, Vol 5, n°3, March
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp40-48
- e. "Emotions and values", The Objectivist, vol 5, n°5, May
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp58-73
- f. "Emotions and Actions", The Objectivist, Vol 5, n°6, June
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp87-90
- g. "Emotions and Repression", The Objectivist, Vol 5, n°8, August
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp120-128
- h. "Emotions and Repression" (Part II), The Objectivist, Vol 5, n°9, September
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp136-139
- i. "The Nature of Anxiety" (Part I), The Objectivist, Vol 5, n°11, November
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp167-176
- j. "The Nature of Anxiety" (Part II), The Objectivist, Vol 5, n°12, December
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp182-187
- 1967,
- a. "The Nature of Anxiety" (Part III), The Objectivist, Vol 6, n°1, January
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp203-208
- b. "The Concept of Mental Health", The Objectivist, Vol 6, n°2, February
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp216-224
- c. "Self-Esteem", The Objectivist, Vol 6, n°3, March
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp225-231
- d. "Self-Esteem" (Part II), The Objectivist, Vol 6, n°4, April
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp245-250
- e. "Self-Esteem" (Part III), The Objectivist, Vol 6, n°5, May
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp264-266
- f. "Self-Esteem" (Part IV), The Objectivist, Vol 6, n°6, June
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp273-276
- g. "Self-Esteem" (Part V), The Objectivist, Vol 6, n°9, September
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp328-330
- h. "The Roots of Social Metaphysics", The Objectivist, Vol 6, n°10, October
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp337-341
- i. "Self-Esteem and Romantic Love" (Part I), The Objectivist, Vol 6, n°12, December
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp369-376
- a. "The Nature of Anxiety" (Part III), The Objectivist, Vol 6, n°1, January
- 1968,
- a. "Self-Esteem and Romantic Love" (Part II), The Objectivist, Vol 7, n°1, January
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp385-390
- b. "Self-Esteem and Romantic Love" (part III), The Objectivist, Vol 7, n°2, February
- Repris en 1990, In: "The Objectivist (1966-1971)", Publisher: Second Renaissance Press, pp401-404
- a. "Self-Esteem and Romantic Love" (Part II), The Objectivist, Vol 7, n°1, January
- 1969
- a. The Psychology of Self-Esteem, New York: Bantam
- Edition révisée en 2001, "The psychology of self-esteem: a revolutionary approach to self-understanding that launched a new era in modern psychology", San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, ISBN 0-7879-4526-9
- b. "Free Will, Moral Responsability and the Law", Southern California Law Review, Vol. 42
- a. The Psychology of Self-Esteem, New York: Bantam
- 1970, Breaking Free
- 1971, The Disowned Self
- 1973, "On the Concept of Mental Health", Thr Personalist, Vol 54, n°3, pp216-221
- 1983, Honoring the Self
- 1984, The Benefits and Hazards of the Philosophy of Ayn Rand, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol 24, n°4, pp39–64
- 1987, How To Raise Your Self Esteem
- 1989, Judgment Day: My Years with Ayn Rand, Boston: Houghton Mifflin
- 1993, The Art of Self Discovery
- 1994, The Six Pillars of Self-Esteem, Bantam Books
- 1996, Taking Responsibility: Self-Reliance and the Accountable Life, Simon & Schuster
- 1997, The Art of Living Consciously
- 1999,
- a. "Was Ayn Rand a Feminist?", In: Chris Matthew Sciabarra et Mimi Reisel Gladstein, dir., Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand, Series: Re-reading the Canon, University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, pp223-230
- b. "Nathaniel Branden speaks", Liberty, Vol 13, n°9, September, pp37–45
- c. My Years with Ayn Rand. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
- 2001,
- a. 32nd Anniversary Edition of Psychology of Self-Esteem
- b. "Reflections on Self-Responsibility and Libertarianism. We Now Live in a Nation of Dependents Who Cannot Imagine a Life Without Government Support, Involvement, and Regulation", The Freeman, Avril, Vol 51, n°4
- 2016, avec Roger E. Bissell, "Objectivism: Past and Future: Lecture and Question-Answer Session", The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, Vol 16, n°1-2, December, pp41-97
Littérature secondaire
- 1962, Francesca Knight, Commentaire du livre de Nathaniel Branden, "Who is Ayn Rand", The Freeman, July, Vol 12, n°7, p64 [lire en ligne]
- 1974, Roy Childs, commentaire des enregistrements audios, "Basic Principles of Objectivism" de Nathaniel Branden, Books for Libertarians, Vol III, n°8, August
- 1996, Russell Madden, Commentaire du livre de Nathaniel Branden, "Taking Responsibility: Self-Reliance and the Accountable Life", The Freeman, Octobre, Vol 46, n°10, pp711-712
- 2008, Chris Matthew Sciabarra, "BRANDEN, NATHANIEL (1930– )", In: Ronald Hamowy, dir., "The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism", Cato Institute - Sage Publications, pp37-38
- 2016,
- Susan Love Brown, "Nathaniel Branden’s Oedipus Complex", Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, Vol 16, n°1-2, pp25-40
- Robert L. Campbell, Chris Matthew Sciabarra, "Prologue", Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, Vol 16, n°1-2, pp1-14
- Stephen Cox, "Epilogue: Nathaniel Branden in the Writer's Workshop", The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, Vol 16, n°1-2, December, pp244-259
- Roger E. Bissell, "Reflections on My Hero, Nathaniel Branden", The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, Vol 16, n°1-2, December, pp98-105
- Roger E. Bissell, Robert L. Campbell, Stephen Cox, Roderick T. Long, Chris Matthew Sciabarra, "The Nathaniel Branden Annotated Bibliography", The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, Vol 16, n°1-2, December, pp260-294
- Mimi Reisel Gladstein, "The impact of Nathaniel Branden", The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, Vol 16, n°1-2, December, pp106–107
- Duncan Scott, "The movement that began on a dining room table", Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, Vol 16, n°1-2, pp15–24
Voir aussi
Articles connexes
Liens externes
- "Nathaniel Branden - obituary", article publié dans le journal "The Telegraph, le 10 décembre 2014
- (en)Nathaniel Branden sur Wikipedia
- (en)Site web de Nathaniel Branden
- (en)The Benefits and Hazards of the Philosophy of Ayn Rand
- (en)My Years with Ayn Rand (Interview)
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